Baysungur Syahnamèh

Baysungur Syahnamèh atawa Shahnameh Baysunghur (Bahsa Parsi: شاهنامه بایسنقری) nakeuh saboh naseukah meugamba dari Syahnamèh, epik nasionál bansa Iran Raya. Buët teunuléh bak naseukah nyoë geupeuphôn bak thôn 1426 ateuëh peuréntah Baysunghur Mirza, sidroë banta bak nanggroë Timuriyah, dan geupeuseuleusoë bak tanggai 5 Jumada 833 Hijri, (31 Januari 1430). Jinoë naseukah nyan na di museum Istana Golèstan, di Tehran, Iran, dan geuanggap seubagoë saboh karya agông utama miniatur Parsi.

Meunurôt kata pengantar, nyang lagèëjih geutuléh lé Baysunghur keudroë keu jilid nyoë, dan biyasajih geusalén lam naseukah-naseukah lheuëh nyan,^[1] naseukah nyoë kön salénan dari naseukah seugolomjih, tapi geupeusiap ngon cara geupeubandéng padum-padum boh naseukah nyang leubèh tuha. Tujuan peubandéngan nyoë kön keu meuteumeung leubèh seutia bak Syahnamèh asli karangan Ferdowsi, tapi nakeuh keu geupeumodern basa lam tèks nyan dan geutamah ca'e-ca'e u dalamjih. Ngon sabab nyan, Shahnameh Baysunghur nakeuh salah saboh naseukah Syahnameh nyang paleng teubai, nyang na kira-kira 58.000 baréh (versi Shahnameh jinoe na kira-kira 50.000 baréh). Nilai naseukah nyoe kön sabab teks jih, tapi bak keu-indahan seni jih. Geutuléh ngön tulisan Nastaʿlīq lé Jafar Tabrizi, naseukah nyoë na 31 baréh tiep ôn, 346 ôn, ngon 21 boh lukisan naseukah lam gaya Sikula Herat dan nakeuh salah saboh karya paléng peunténg nyang geupeusah ngön sikula nyan. Tulisan jih geususôn lam 6 boh kolom, nyang nakeuh saboh tanda hormat keu tradisi. Tulésan Shahnameh la'én bak masa nyan lam gaya "modern" geususôn lam 4 boh kolom.

Shahnameh-Shahnameh nyang leubeh awai na susônan nyang padat deungön leubèh dit halaman dan leubeh le gamba. Bengkel Baysunghur nyan pih na jipeuteubiet saboh Shahnameh nyang hana gamba sagai sigohlom nyoë. Deungön jipeuteubiet Shahnameh nyang leubeh awai nyan ngon Shahnameh Baysunghur, jileumah wawasan barô lam rancangan buku bak masa Dinasti Timurid.^[2] Seula'én nibak nyang geukheun Shahnameh Demotte ngon Shahnameh Shah Tahmasp, Shahnameh Baysunghur nakeuh salah saboh naseukah Shahnameh nyang paléng peunténg ngon meugah.^[3] naseukah nyan ka geupeuleumah di London bak thôn 1931, ngon bak pameran Mahakarya Lukisan Parsi di Museum Teheran bak thôn 2005.

naseukah nyan jitamong lam daftar internasional Warisan Budaya Penténg Donya (Memory of the World) UNESCO.^[4]

Miniatur

Lukisan-lukisan manuskrip nyang biasa geukheun "miniatur" nyang na lam Baysunghur Shahnameh nyan geupeugèt deungon that lagak, meuguna wareuna nyang ceudah ngon garéh nyang tajam, nyang jeuet keu saboh terobosan barô bak masa nyan. Na 20 boh gamba meutamah saboh gamba ganda keu gamba muka, hana saban lagèe versi-versi la'én nyang kadang na leubèh dari 100 boh gamba. Gamba nyan geupeugöt mangat seusuai ngön tulésan nyang na sajan. Teuma, saweueb gamba nyan cit bacut, keuhadiran gamba nyan jipeuleumah bahwa bagian tulésan nyang seusuai ngön gamba nyan leubèh peunténg. Mungkén Baysunghur keudroë nyang piléh 21 boh subjek keu gamba ubeut nyan. Padum boh di antara nyan nakeuh piléhan nyang hana lazém keu gamba, dan na cit padum boh nyang na hubôngan ngön subjek sidroë pangeran nyang hana sabé keuneuk waréh (nyang bak akhéjih hana meuteumeung waréh). Gamba muka nyan jipeuleumah sidroe pangeran nyang mungkén nakeuh potret Baysunghur. Na cit potret-potret la'én pangeran nyan bak gamba-gamba ubeut nyang la'én, tapi mandum jipeuleumah keujadian-keujadian nyang teujadi sigohlom gobnyan meupucôk ngon lahé. Ilustrasi-ilustrasi nyan jiseutot tradisi Shahnameh bak le that hai. Na 6 boh adegan geupeuduek ateueh singgasana, ngon 9 boh adegan prang atawa poh-meupoh. Mandum Shahnameh na motif-motif nyan, ngon meunyo hana nyan, hana beutôi-beutôi jeuet keu saboh kitab raja-raja. Ladôm gamba ubeut nyan jipeuleumah ide-ide barô nyang goh lom na jipeuleumah bak versi-versi Shahnameh seugolomjih. Nyan tamöng lamjih Luhrasp geupeuduek ateueh singgasana, prang antara Rustam ngon Barzu, Rustam ngon Isfandiyar jiseumap jaroe, Gulnar jatu cinta keu Ardashir, ngon Yazdagird jibri Bahram Gur keu Mundhir si Arab. Bah pih adegan-adegan nyan barô, ikonografi ngon gaya jih kon barô, saweueb jicok dari motif-motif tradisional.^[5] Ngon ukôran leubèh kureuëng 38 x 26 cm, ukôran ôn nyan that rayek keu jameun nyan, dan na padum-padum boh lukisan ubeut nyang peunoh ban saboh ôn, seureuta gamba muka nyang peunoh dua ôn. Bak dua boh aspek desain nyan, naseukah nyoe jipeuleumah arah nyang teuma jicok lé peurintah-peurintah raja lheueh nyan.^[6]

Isfandiyar jipoh Arjasp keu jipeuseulamat adoe-adoe jih .
Pertemuan Ardashir dengon Golnar .
Faramarz aneuk Rostam geumeukabông keu maté ayah gobnyan ngon apa gobnyan Zavareh .
Zahhak meuikat bak gunong Damawand .
Teks Baysunghur Shahnameh .

Peungaroh

Shahnameh Baysunghur nyan lagèe jih that meuteumeung peungarôh nibak Shahnama Jalayirid Agông, nyang ka geupeunan cit "Shahnama Shams al-Din" meunurôt nan ureuëng karang jih nyang geukira, Shams ad-Din, atawa geukheun cit "Proto-Baysunghur Shahnamah".^[7] Shahnama Jalayirid Nyang Rayeuk nyan geunguy keulayi, geucok rujukan, ngon geusalén lé peumimpén Timurid Baysunghur, lagèë nyang geupeugah lé Dust Muhammad.^[8]^[7]

Neukalön cit

Ingatan Daftar Donya – Asia dan Pasifik .
Daftar Ingatan Daftar Donya di Iran .

Catatan

Wikimedia Commons na mèdia nyang mupawôt ngön: Baysunghur's Shahnameh

↑ Titley, 54
↑ Hillenbrand, Robert. "Exploring a Neglected Masterpiece: The Gulistan Shahnama of Baysunghur". Iranian Studies. 43 (Special Issue: Millennium Of The Shahnama Of Firdausi).
↑ "BĀYSONḠORĪ ŠĀH-NĀMA". Iranica. Diakses tanggal 13 February 2016.
↑ "Bayasanghori Shâhnâmeh (Prince Bayasanghor's Book of the Kings)". UNESCO Memory of the World Programme. Diakses tanggal 2025-04-24.
↑ Hillenbrand, Robert. "Exploring a Neglected Masterpiece: The Gulistan Shahnama of Baysunghur". Iranian Studies. 43 (Special Issue: Millennium Of The Shahnama Of Firdausi).
↑ Blair and Bloom, 59
1 2 Sims, Marshak & Grube 2002, hlm. 156.
↑ Sims, Marshak & Grube 2002, hlm. 156 "Not only pictorially but also in the matter of the text-layout, in six columns, did Baysunghur render homage to the achievements of a prior generation of artists of the book: his Shahnama of 1430 is also copied in a format of six columns of text, even though it was by that date an archaic layout."

Rujukan

Blair, Sheila, ngen Bloom, Jonathan M., Seni ngen Arsitektur Islam, 1250-1800, 1995, Percetakan Universitas Yale Seujarah Seni Pelikan,
Canby, Sheila R., Lukisan Parsi, 1993, Percetakan Museum Inggréh,
Piotrovsky MB ngon Rogers, JM (eds), Langet di Bumoe: Seni dari Tanoh Islam, 2004, Prestel, 2004.
Titley, Norah M., Lukisan Mini Persia, ngon Peungaroh jih ateuh Seni Turki ngon India, 1983, Percetakan Universitas Texas,
Welch, Stuart Kari. naseukah-naseukah Persia Keurajeuën, Thames & Hudson, 1976,
Hilenbrand, Robert. Jeulajah mahakarya nyang diabaikan: Gulistan Shahnama dari Baysunghur, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2010.

Bacaan selanjut jih .

Seunaleuëk:Ferdowsi Seunaleuëk:Shahnameh

[1] Titley, 54

[2] Hillenbrand, Robert. "Exploring a Neglected Masterpiece: The Gulistan Shahnama of Baysunghur". Iranian Studies. 43 (Special Issue: Millennium Of The Shahnama Of Firdausi).

[3] "BĀYSONḠORĪ ŠĀH-NĀMA". Iranica. Diakses tanggal 13 February 2016.

[4] "Bayasanghori Shâhnâmeh (Prince Bayasanghor's Book of the Kings)". UNESCO Memory of the World Programme. Diakses tanggal 2025-04-24.

[5] Hillenbrand, Robert. "Exploring a Neglected Masterpiece: The Gulistan Shahnama of Baysunghur". Iranian Studies. 43 (Special Issue: Millennium Of The Shahnama Of Firdausi).

[6] Blair and Bloom, 59

[FOOTNOTESimsMarshakGrube2002156-7] 1 2 Sims, Marshak & Grube 2002, hlm. 156.

[8] Sims, Marshak & Grube 2002, hlm. 156 "Not only pictorially but also in the matter of the text-layout, in six columns, did Baysunghur render homage to the achievements of a prior generation of artists of the book: his Shahnama of 1430 is also copied in a format of six columns of text, even though it was by that date an archaic layout."

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