Harah Jawoe

Harah Jawoe nakeuh haraih Arab nyang geu-ubah keu geutuléh Meulayu, Acèh, Minangkabau, Banjar ngon Tausug seureuta padum-padum boh bahsa la'én di Asia Teunggara. Kayém jih neunguy haraih nyan keu teunuléh ngon seunurat bhaih agama.

Haraih Jawoë geunguy keu salah saboh haraih raseumi lam Keurajeuën Brunei Darussalam, geunguy cit keu saboh peuniléh haraih standar lam bahsa Meulayu. Bak neunguy nyang leubèh jroh seunurat lam bahsa Meulayu nakeuh nyang geunguy lam geunantoë haraih Latèn nyang geukheun haraih Rumi. Lam teumadôn Meulayu neunguy haraih nyoë leubèh meusaneut geunguy keu agama ngon reusam. Meuhat nyang neunguy haraih nyoë keu neubuët siuroë-uroë that geupakoë cit lam da'irah ureuëng Meulayu Pattani Thailand Seulatan ngon Kelantan di Malaysia seureuta lé padum-padum boh kawan ureung Islam nyang geuduëk di Filipina Seulatan^[1].

Asai nan

Narit Jawoë nakeuh narit bahsa Acèh nyang teuka nibak narit "Jawi" (جاوي), nyoë meuhat geumeukeusud ke saboh narit sifeuët ngon nan benda Jawah lam bahsa Arab (جاوة). "Jawah" ngon "Jawi" ka geunguy lé ureuëng Arab keu narit nyang geupeusaban bak neukheun keu wilayah La'ôt Teunggara Asia ngon mandum ureuëng nyang meuduëk disinan, ^[2] peukara nyang meusaban lagèe jeunèh nan nyang geupham lé ureuëng Iërupa keu geupeunan istilah Pulo-pulo Meulayu ngon Ras Meulayu ngon Jaza'ir al-Jawi (Pulo-pulo Jawi) ngon Bansa Jawi.

Tarèh

Lahé haraih nyoë nakeuh that meukeumat langsông ngon teuka agama Islam u Pulo-pulo Meulayu, haraih nyoë geu-angkèe nibak haraih Arab keu geutuléh narit ngon tutô Meulayu. Ngon seubab nyan keuh jeuët keu le that ubah, teunamah ngon kri geunantoë padum-padum boh haraih keu jeuët teurimong su nyang hana lam bahsa Arab (lagèe tutô /o/, /p/, atau /ŋ/).

Watèe peungarôh Hindu-Budha mantong kong di wilayah Asia Teunggara, haraih Pallawa that utama geunguy lam teunuléh Meulayu. Saboh batèe jirat nyang na meutarèh 290 H (910 M) bak jirat Syèh Abdul Qadir bin Husin Syah Alam nyang na di Alor Setar, Kedah, saboh batèe jirat nyang geuteumèe di Pekan, Pahang meutarèh 419 H (1026 M), saboh batèe jirat nyang geuteumèe di Phan Rang, Viètnam meutarèh 431 H (1039 M), bateè jirat meutarèh 440 H (1048 M) geuteumèe di Bandar Seri Begawan , Brunei, ngon batèe jirat Fatimah Binti Maimun Bin Hibat Allah nyang geuteumèe di Gresik, Jawa Timu]] meutarèh 475 H (1082 M)^[2]^[3].

Bak masa phôn-phôn meukeumang agama Islam, teunuléh Arab geupeurunoë keu ureuëng-ureuëng nyang ban meu-agama Islam lam buët agama ngon ibadat matong, lagè keu jeuët geubeuët Al-Quran ngon Shalat. Seubab nyan keuh hana that ssôah keuh haraih Arab jeuët keu geuteurimong lé ureuëng Meulayu meusaban ngon meu-Islam ureuëng nyan. Hana trép meunan laju ka jeuët geupeugot saboh kri la'én keu peupaih haraih Arab keu teunuléh narit Meulayu. Lé tutô meulayu nyang hanjeuët geutulh langsông ngon haraih Arab kajeuët keu geutuléh ngon haraih Jawoë, ngon jeuët geumeuphôm ngon geubeuët keu seunurat raseumi nanggroë atawa teunuléh agama.^[4]^[5] Meusaban cit lagèe kri geuteurimong haraih Arab di Turki, Parsi ngon India nyang ka na leubèh awai lom, ngon nyan keuh dudoè lam tarèh Meulayu Raya haraih Jawoë ka jeuët keu saboh kri teunuléh Islam lam teumadôn Meulayu.^[6]

Tanda paléng awai teunuléh Jawoë nyoë na di Malaysia ngon na Seunurat Terengganu nyang meutaréh 702 Hijriah atawa abad keu-14 Masehi (Taréh nyoë meubacut kureuëng paih cit meuseubab beunileuëng thôn disinan geutuléh kon ngon angka). Salang neunguy haraih Jawoë bak keurajeuën-keurajeuën Meulayu nakeuh bak phôn watèe Pasè, sampoë Keurajeuën Johor, Keurajeuën Acèh seureuta akhé that Keurajeuën Pattani bak abad keu-17. Bak abad keu 19 haraih Romawi phôn ka geunguy disinan. Haraih Jawoë teutap cit na geunguy nibak masa ka jitamong kolonial Iërupa.

Nyan keuh meuhat that peunténg haraih jawoë lam budaya ureuëng Meulayu. Haraih nyan ka geunguy seubagoë nyang meu-antara lam mandum ôseuha, reusam ngon niaga. Lagèe miseuëjih, haraih nyoë geunguy keu seunurat meusipakat nyang peuntèng-peuntèng antara raja-raja Meulayu ngon Portugéh, Beulanda ngon Inggréh. La'én nibak nyan seunurat peunyata meurdèka neugara Malaysia thôn 1957 meuladôm geutuléh lam haraih jawoë.

Sampoë jinoë haraih nyoë mantong geunguy lam bhaih agama ngo reusam di Acèh. Lam nanggroë Meulayu Malaysia geunguy di Terengganu, Kelantan, Kedah, Perlis, ngon Johor. Ureuëng-ureuëng Meulayu di Pattani mantong cit geunguy haraih jawoë sampo ë'an jinoë.

Haraih Jawoë

Kri	Teudong	Away	Teungoh	Akhé	Nan
ا	ﺍ			ﺎ	alif
ب	ﺏ	ﺑ	ـﺒ	ـﺐ	ba
ت	ﺕ	ﺗ	ـﺘ	ـﺖ	ta
ة	ة			ـة‎	ta marbutah
ث	ﺙ	ﺛ	ـﺜ	ـﺚ	sa (tha)
ج	ﺝ	ﺟ	ـﺠ	ـﺞ	jim
چ	ﭺ	ﭼ	ـﭽ	ـﭻ	ca
ح	ﺡ	ﺣ	ـﺤ	ـﺢ	ha
خ	ﺥ	ﺧ	ـﺨ	ـﺦ	kha (khO)
د	ﺩ			ـﺪ	dal
ذ	ﺫ			ـﺬ	zal
ر	ﺭ			ـﺮ	ra (rO)
ز	ﺯ			ـﺰ	zai
س	ﺱ	ﺳ	ـﺴ	ـﺲ	sin
ش	ﺵ	ﺷ	ـﺸ	ـﺶ	syin
ص	ﺹ	ﺻ	ـﺼ	ـﺺ	sad (sOd)
ض	ﺽ	ﺿ	ـﻀ	ـﺾ	dad (dOd)
ط	ﻁ	ﻃـ	ـﻄـ	ـﻂ	ta (tO)
ظ	ﻅ	ﻇـ	ـﻈـ	ـﻆ	za (zO)
ع	ﻉ	ﻋ	ـﻌ	ـﻊ	ain
غ	ﻍ	ﻏ	ـﻐ	ـﻎ	ghain
ڠ	ڠ	ڠـ	ـڠـ	ـڠ	nga
ف	ﻑ	ﻓ	ـﻔ	ـﻒ	fa
ڤ	ﭪ	ﭬ	ـﭭ	ـﭫ	pa
ق	ﻕ	ﻗ	ـﻘ	ـﻖ	qaf
ک	ک	کـ	ـکـ	ـک	kaf
ݢ	ݢ	ݢـ	ـݢـ	ـݢ	ga
ل	ﻝ	ﻟ	ـﻠ	ـﻞ	lam
م	ﻡ	ﻣ	ـﻤ	ـﻢ	mim
ن	ن	ﻧ	ـﻨ	ـﻦ	nun
و	ﻭ			ـﻮ	wau
ۏ	ۏ			ـۏ	va
ه	ﻩ	ﻫ	ﻬ	ﻪ	ha
ء	ء			ء	hamzah
ي	ﻱ	ﻳ	ـﻴ	ﻲ	ya
ی	ی			ﻰ	ye
ڽ	ڽ	ڽـ	ـڽـ	ـڽ	nya

Haraih nyang meuwareuna keulabèe nakeuh kri geunantoë nyang cit na lam haraih Jawoë Meulayu hana lam haraih Arab aseuli.

Neubeuët lom

H.S. Paterson (& C.O. Blagden), 'An early Malay Inscription from 14th-century Trengganu', Journ. Mal. Br.R.A.S., II, 1924, pp. 258-263.
R.O. Winstedt, A History of Malaya, revised ed. 1962, p. 40.
J.G. de Casparis, Indonesian Paleography, 1975, p. 70-71.

Peunawôt luwa

(Bahsa Meulayu) Portal Jawi
(Bahsa Meulayu) Asas menulis Jawi
(Bahsa Meulayu) Daftar kata Melayu: Rumi-Sebutan-Jawi
(Inggréh) Tentang huruf Jawi
(Bahsa Meulayu) UNDUH Papan Kekunci Jawi Fonetik (Jawi Phonetic Keyboard)
(Bahsa Meulayu) Laman menukar ejaan Rumi kepada ejaan Jawi

Nè seunurat

^ Andrew Alexander Simpson (2007). Language and National Identity in Asia. Oxford University Press. hlm. 356–60. ISBN 0-19-926748-0.
^ ^a ^b Shahrizal bin Mahpol (2002). "Penguasaan tulisan jawi di kalangan pelajar Melayu : suatu kajian khusus di UiTM cawangan Kelantan (Competency in Jawi among Malay students: A specific study in UiTM, Kelantan campus)". Digital Repository, Universiti Malaya. Diakses tanggal 2012-07-08. ^{[hubông luwa maté]}
^ Abdul Rashid Melebek (2006). Sejarah Bahasa Melayu (History of Bahasa Melayu). Utusan Publications. hlm. 52. ISBN 967-61-1809-5.
^ John U. Wolff, Indonesian Readings Edition: 3, SEAP Publications: 1988: ISBN 0-87727-517-3:480 pages
^ Robert Leon Cooper Language spread: studies in diffusion and social change, Center for Applied Linguistics, Indiana University Press,: 1982 p. 40 ISBN 0-253-32000-3: 360 pages
^ Siti Hawa Haji Salleh (2010). Malay Literature of the 19th Century. Institut Terjemahan Negara Malaysia Berhad. hlm. 8. ISBN 978-983-068-517-5.

Wikimedia Commons na mèdia nyang mupawôt ngön: Jawi alphabet

[1] Andrew Alexander Simpson (2007). Language and National Identity in Asia. Oxford University Press. hlm. 356–60. ISBN 0-19-926748-0.

[Shahrizal-2] Shahrizal bin Mahpol (2002). "Penguasaan tulisan jawi di kalangan pelajar Melayu : suatu kajian khusus di UiTM cawangan Kelantan (Competency in Jawi among Malay students: A specific study in UiTM, Kelantan campus)". Digital Repository, Universiti Malaya. Diakses tanggal 2012-07-08. ^{[hubông luwa maté]}

[3] Abdul Rashid Melebek (2006). Sejarah Bahasa Melayu (History of Bahasa Melayu). Utusan Publications. hlm. 52. ISBN 967-61-1809-5.

[4] John U. Wolff, Indonesian Readings Edition: 3, SEAP Publications: 1988: ISBN 0-87727-517-3:480 pages

[5] Robert Leon Cooper Language spread: studies in diffusion and social change, Center for Applied Linguistics, Indiana University Press,: 1982 p. 40 ISBN 0-253-32000-3: 360 pages

[siti_hawa-6] Siti Hawa Haji Salleh (2010). Malay Literature of the 19th Century. Institut Terjemahan Negara Malaysia Berhad. hlm. 8. ISBN 978-983-068-517-5.

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